Women of childbearing age are vulnerable to weight gain. This scoping review examines the extent and range of research undertaken to evaluate behavioral interventions to support women of childbearing age to prevent and treat overweight and obesity. Eight electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) or systematic reviews of RCTs until 31st January 2018. Eligible studies included women of childbearing age (aged 15–44 years), evaluated interventions promoting behavior change related to diet or physical activity to achieve weight gain prevention, weight loss or maintenance and reported weight-related outcomes. Ninety studies met the inclusion criteria (87 RCTs, 3 systematic reviews). Included studies were published from 1998 to 2018. The studies primarily focused on preventing excessive gestational weight gain (n = 46 RCTs, n = 2 systematic reviews), preventing postpartum weight retention (n = 18 RCTs) or a combination of the two (n = 14 RCTs, n = 1 systematic review). The RCTs predominantly evaluated interventions that aimed to change both diet and physical activity behaviors (n = 84) and were delivered in-person (n = 85). This scoping review identified an increasing volume of research over time undertaken to support women of childbearing age to prevent and treat overweight and obesity. It highlights, however, that little research is being undertaken to support the young adult female population unrelated to pregnancy or preconception.

Supporting women of childbearing age in the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity: a scoping review of randomized control trials of behavioral interventions

Dutton GR, Kim Y, Jacobs DR Jr, Li X, Loria CM, Reis JP, Carnethon M, Durant NH, Gordon-Larsen P, Shikany JM, et al. 25-year weight gain in a racially balanced sample of U.S. adults: the CARDIA study. Flynn AC, Dalrymple K, Barr S, Poston L, Goff LM, Rogozinska E, van Poppel MN, Rayanagoudar G, Yeo S, Barakat Carballo R, et al. Dietary interventions in overweight and obese pregnant women: a systematic review of the content, delivery, and outcomes of randomized controlled trials. Di Carlo C, Iannotti G, Sparice S, Chiacchio MP, Greco E, Tommaselli GA, Nappi C. The role of a personalized dietary intervention in managing gestational weight gain: a prospective, controlled study in a low-risk antenatal population. Hawkins M, Hosker M, Marcus BH, Rosal MC, Braun B, Stanek EJ 3rd, Markenson G, Chasan-Taber L. A pregnancy lifestyle intervention to prevent gestational diabetes risk factors in overweight Hispanic women: a feasibility randomized controlled trial. Hui A, Back L, Ludwig S, Gardiner P, Sevenhuysen G, Dean H, Sellers E, McGavock J, Morris M, Bruce S, et al. Lifestyle intervention on diet and exercise reduced excessive gestational weight gain in pregnant women under a randomised controlled trial. McCarthy EA, Walker SP, Ugoni A, Lappas M, Leong O, Shub A. Self-weighing and simple dietary advice for overweight and obese pregnant women to reduce obstetric complications without impact on quality of life: a randomised controlled trial. Renault KM, Carlsen EM, Haedersdal S, Nilas L, Secher NJ, Eugen-Olsen J, Cortes D, Olsen SF, Halldorsson TI, Norgaard K. Impact of lifestyle intervention for obese women during pregnancy on maternal metabolic and inflammatory markers. Willcox J, Wilkinson S, Lappas M, Ball K, Crawford D, McCarthy E, Fjeldsoe B, Whittaker R, Maddison R, Campbell K. A mobile health intervention promoting healthy gestational weight gain for women entering pregnancy at a high body mass index: the txt4two pilot randomised controlled trial. Chasan-Taber L, Marcus BH, Rosal MC, Tucker KL, Hartman SJ, Pekow P, Stanek E, Braun B, Solomon CG, Manson JAE, et al. Proyecto Mama: A lifestyle intervention in overweight and obese Hispanic women: A randomised controlled trial - study protocol. Bennett GG, Foley P, Levine E, Whiteley J, Askew S, Steinberg DM, Batch B, Greaney ML, Miranda H, Wroth TH, et al. Behavioral treatment for weight gain prevention among black women in primary care practice: a randomized clinical trial.

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